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00495_Field_KAMAKURA PERIOD.txt
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1995-01-22
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KAMAKURA PERIOD: A period in
Japanese history (1185-1333) in which the
imperial capital was located in the coastal
town of Kamakura, southwest of modern
TOKYO. The Kamakura Period was
ushered in by the defeat of the Taira clan
by the MINAMOTO clan in a sea battle in
the Shimonoseki Straits. The great leader
of the Minamoto clan was Yoritomo, who
received the title of shogun, or warlord,
from the emperor. The Kamakura period
saw the rise of the shogunate and of
Japanese militarism, of the Zen school of
BUDDHISM, of the SAMURAI, and of
HARAKIRI, ritual suicide , for
individuals who were disgraced. In 1281,
the Mongols invaded JAPAN, but a
typhoon wiped out their armada before it
could land. Since that time, the Japanese
have referred to the typhoon as a "divine
wind," or kamikaze. (See also Japan
article).